Discuss important concepts related to research design.

Q. Discuss important concepts related to research design.

Ans -

Concepts Relating to Research Design There are various concepts relating to research design:

(a) Dependent and Independent Variables : A concept that can take on different quantitative values is called variables. If one variable depends upon other variable, it is termed as dependent variable and the variable that is Antecedent to the dependent variable is termed as independent variable.

(b) Extraneous Variables Independent variables that are not related to the purpose of the study but which may affect the dependent variables are termed as extraneous variables.

(c) Control: One important characteristics of a good research is to minimize the influence or effect of extraneous variables. The technical term 'control is used when we design the study minimizing the effect of extraneous variables.

(d) Confounded Relationship: Where the dependent variable is not free from the influence of extraneous variables the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, it said to be confounded by an extraneous Variables.

(e) Research Hypothesis When a prediction or a hypothesized relationship is to be verified by scientific methods, it in termed as a research hypothesis. It must contain at least one independent and one dependent variable.

(f) Experimental and Non-experimental Hypothesis Testing Research: When the purpose of a research is to test a research hypothesis, it is termed as 'hypothesis-testing research'. It may be of experimental design or of non experimental design.

(g) Experimental and Control Groups: In an experimental hypothesis-testing research, when a group is exposed to unusual condition, it is termed as control group' but when exposed to some novel or special condition, it is termed experimental group

(h) Treatment: Treatments are the different conditions under which experimental and control group are put. If we want to determine through an experiment the comparative impact of three varieties of fertilizers on yield of rice, in that can the three varieties of fertilizers will be treated as three treatments